Better Marriage Or The Virtue Of Acceptance - 1672 Words

better marriage or the virtue of acceptance rubbing off on her from the nuns. In either case, Lori was like everyone else in the room because she also appeared to be undergoing her very own metamorphosis. All-in-all, the party was a success, and just enough to catapult us emotionally through the rest of the quarter. Putting up with the likes of Randolph and Loeuw made the quarter seem terribly long, but with Thanksgiving recess just around the corner, the long hours that went into Pathology were all but forgotten. I had hoped the new Lori would be agreeable to spending Thanksgiving with her husband instead of the Haystack, but finishing Pathology was probably the only miracle I was entitled to in the month of November. With little ado,†¦show more content†¦In spite of his latest crises, my father was still able to find much to be grateful for at Thanksgiving. He was a master of the Polish art of rationalization, and able to see something bright and special in the gloomiest circumstances. Over a few Stegmaier beers on Thanksgiving night, my father joked about his latest predicament, and found comfort in the words of his former mentor, Eddie Kuharcik who used to say, When life hands out lemons, make lemonade! My father spoke freely about Eddie Kuharcik, and his role in starting my father in business. I could see how my father s taking Curly Kedzierski under his wing was his way of repaying Eddie. In all the time my father talked about Eddie and the good old days on the Heights, he never once mentioned my mother. It had been over twenty years since my mother left home, and in all those years and the many conversations I shared with my father, her name was never mentioned. My father had mellowed with age, but I doubted if he would ever become liberal-minded enough to talk about my mother again. The Thanksgiving break was memorable for me, but probably more so for a number of my classmates. When the second quarter began, no fewer than five students announced they had become engaged over Thanksgiving. This was a significant number of students insofar as only six students in our class entered medical school in the state of marital bliss, and only four had joined the ranks during our first year. With theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Pamela By Samuel Richardsons Pamela1094 Words   |  5 PagesWith virtue placed on a pedestal, Samuel Richardson’s Pamela is set apart from the ‘immoral association’ of older amatory heroines. Pamela continually defies the rakish Mr. B and protects her innocence whereas arguably, amatory heroines seek out the sexual advances of the opposite sex. Whilst amatory heroines devise ways of setting themselves in the way of sexual adventure, Pamela is devoid of sexual intercourse although it features as Pamela’s main fear for the first section of the novel. PamelaRead MoreHomosexuality: The Churchs Teachings632 Words   |  3 Pagescharacterized by a tendency to direct sexual desire toward another of the same sex or of, relating to, or involving sexual intercourse between persons of the same sex. There are countless arguments for and against the social acceptance of gay and lesbian couples and the morals, virtues and church t eachings associated with them arent exactly black and white. Homosexuality is an important issue as not only do numerous people of all ages struggle with finding their sexuality but they also struggle with acceptingRead MoreAnalysis Of Aristotle s The Nicomachean Ethics 871 Words   |  4 Pagesand good inclinations. Aristotle first introduces these concepts in his book The Nicomachean Ethics, but he does not mention a really important virtue, the virtue of forgiveness. If mastered correctly, forgiveness can lead a person to acquire additional, and equally important good habits. That is why, in order to recognize the importance of this virtue, it is necessary to make a deep expository analysis. By definition, to forgive is to accept and let go of the offences done against one, and byRead MoreDeath Of Woman Wang Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pagestime of women, however, has historically been one of repression. The traditional ideal woman was a dependent being whose behavior was governed by the three obedience’s and four virtues. The three obedience’s were obedience to father before marriage, the husband after marriage, and the son in case of widows. The four virtues were propriety in behavior, speech, demeanor and employment. The laws of the land and fear of shame in society dictated that men were allowed to rule over their household leavingRead MorePeace Lies Within Faith in Singer’s â€Å"Gimpel the Fool†1494 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough many people do not deserve to be trusted, it is always better to have faith in a person than assume the worst. If the worst was always assumed than no person would be trusted and there would be no peace. Wi th his intellectuality and religiousness, Isaac Behavis Singer explores â€Å"[h]is strict religious training [that] often conflict[s] with his secular interests, in his fiction, through characters who grapple with faith and skepticism† (Wilson). Singer’s â€Å"Gimpel the Fool† is an exact representationRead MoreThe Fight For Women s Rights1359 Words   |  6 Pagessome opposition to this, the majority of men and women did not mind. This can be seen in the formation and vast acceptance of the Cult of Domesticity. The Cult of Domesticity, also known as The Cult of True Womanhood, was a set of ideals that women closely followed in the nineteenth century. The movement was made up of mainly middle or upper class white women who followed four virtues in order to become a â€Å"True Woman†. A â€Å"True Woman† was supposed to be tender, submissive, self-sacrificing, religiousRead MoreThe Great Epics And Tales1605 Words   |  7 Pagesaccepted. Can my thology have a role in this acceptance of sexism in a society? Like everything, blind faith in the great mythological epics also comes with a price. We fail to realize that the great epics and tales that taught us about life and virtues also somewhere mislead us. Indian society is a patriarchial society. Practices like polygamy, female foeticide, sati (women forced to commit suicide on death of their husband), dowry, rape,child-marriage, eve-teasing etc. are still prevalent in thisRead MoreChildhood : The Non Squeaky Wheel948 Words   |  4 Pageswas the â€Å"easy† kid, the non-squeaky-wheel. I married young (20 years old) and became a military wife. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Dyslexia and severe pornography addiction dismantled my marriage in a short order. Therapy, family, clergy, pride, and sheer will could not hold my ill-advised marriage together. In 2009 we separated and divorced. I was 26 years old and unsure of whom I was or wanted to be. All I knew was that I had failed at being a wife, failed in my career (making $14 perRead MoreThe Importance of Janes Early Life at Lowood to Shaping Her Character in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1414 Words   |  6 Pagessurprised at Mrs Fairfaxs opinion that it is unwise for her to move out of her own class and into his. Brocklehurst preaches hell, fire and damnation. The concept of being good and God-fearing is extended to include all sorts of social virtues, such as being clean and neat, respecting your elders, acknowledging your place in the class structure and being obedient to anyone in a more powerful position. Telling people, especially children, that it will keep them out of hell, canRead MoreA Refutation of an Argument by William J Bennett on Recognizing Same-Sex Marriage1749 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿REFUTATION OF ARGUMENT AGAINST GAY MARRIAGE In a remarkable article that appeared in the Washington Post, William J. Bennett argued that recognizing same-sex marriage would be detrimental to the concept of marriage and to the nation. The only thing more remarkable than the logical fallacies relied upon in the article was the fact that the author was the former Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities and Secretary of Education in the Reagan administration and Director of the Office

The United States Juvenile Justice Court Was Based On The

The United States juvenile justice court was based on the English parens patriae adopted in the United States as part of the legal tradition of England. But the efforts of the state to rehabilitate juvenile offenders with institutional treatment with the houses of refuge and reformatories failed. Today, the United States has 51 different juvenile court systems; the laws and statutes vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Thus, each state’s approach to handle the youth offenders is responsible for how the youth offenders will experience the justice system. Both the past and the present approaches to deal with juvenile offenders have shaped today’s juvenile justice system. According to Bartollas and Miller (2017), the medieval traditions†¦show more content†¦But by the end of the Civil War the reform schools became prisons because the industrialization changed the family environment to a vocational education. According to Schiraldi and Drizin (1999), the first juvenile court in the United States was founded in Chicago in 1899 after a young lawyer named John Altgeld toured the House of Corrections and found hundreds of children as young as 8 years old jailed with adults. The Cook County Juvenile Court was created to rehabilitate instead of punishing the offenders under 16 years of age. In other words, for the juvenile court judges to treat rather than to punish juveniles placing attention on the offender instead of the offense. Most importantly, for the children to receive a second chance and keep them away from the adults in jails. Certainly, â€Å"jails and prisons clearly were no places for children† (Bartollas Miller, 2017, p.5). Per Klug (2001) by 1925, 48 states had juvenile courts closely following the Chicago Juvenile Court. But â€Å"changes were made when the policy makers and the public were dissatisfied with the effectiveness of the treatment techniques available to juvenile justice practitioners† resulting in waiver situations instead of adjudication (Klug, 2001, p. 100). The juvenile court system started moving away from rehabilitating a child, instead it was looking like the adult criminal justiceShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty For Juveniles1169 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper: Death Penalty for Juveniles Capital punishment for juveniles is one of the most controversial topics to ever be explored in society and in the criminal justice system. The death penalty is a rare occurrence amongst juveniles since it is so arguable as to whether they should be tried as adults. Lynn Cothern from the Juvenile Justice Resource Center suggests that â€Å"the primary purpose of the juvenile justice system is to hold juvenile offenders accountable for delinquent acts whileRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System For Juveniles1397 Words   |  6 Pagesyou will have your case heard in the juvenile justice system. The thing is that, it hasn’t always gone that way. The idea of a separate justice system for juveniles is just over one hundred years old (American Bar). Where did juvenile justice come from? The law was in the image of the common law of England. William Blackstone, Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England, first published in the late 1760s, was admired by the United State s founders. There was an important section in Blackstone’sRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Criminal Justice1368 Words   |  6 Pages The border between juvenile justice and criminal justice did not endure the juvenile court’s first century. By the 1980s, there was general disappointment with both the means and the ends of normal juvenile justice. As with every other social repair efforts, it is difficult to say whether frustration with juvenile justice was born of erroneous concept or of wretched execution. The administering accepted by justice policy, however, was unmistakable. Juvenile courts began to adopt the sentiment andRead MoreJuvenile Justice System And Adult Justice Systems1589 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper, I will be discussing both the juvenile and the adult justice systems. There are several differences between the two systems, which may surprise you. I will be discussing many aspects within the justice systems. These include Terminology, Due Process rights, the process of Arrest to Corrections, Juvenile crime compared to Adult crime, age limits and waivers for the adult system and the di fferent community correctional options, which are available to the offenders. The two systems shareRead MoreMiller V. Alabama1421 Words   |  6 Pages Miller v. Alabama The United States Supreme Court consists of eight associate justices and one chief justice who are petitioned more than 5,000 times a year to hear various cases (Before the Court in Miller V. Alabama, 2012). At its discretion, the Supreme Court selects which cases they choose to review. Some of the selected cases began in the state court system and others began in the federal court system. On June 25, 2012 the justices of the Supreme Court weighed in on the constitutionalityRead MoreCriminal Justice And The Juvenile Justice System1689 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Criminal Justice Criminal Justice is such a broad subject and workforce. At this point in time criminal justice is needed more than ever in America and the world as we know it today. The criminal justice system has improved more and more throughout history by changing something as simple as law enforcement officer’s purpose and who they are taking orders from. The objective of this analysis is to break down these three criminal justice subjects: the juvenile justice system, prison lifeRead MorePretrial Diversion Programs919 Words   |  4 PagesDiversion Programs In the United States, over 90,000 juveniles are incarcerated in juvenile justice facilities. To house 90,000 juveniles, majority non-violent offenders, it costs the states roughly 5.7 billion dollars annually. â€Å"With states facing serious budgetary constraints, it is an opportune time or policymakers to consider ways to reduce juvenile justice spending that won’t compromise public safety.† In the effort to reduce juvenile justice costs, community-based programs known as pretrialRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Juvenile Justice System1395 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Justice System Introduction Since the human community has scratched its marks of existence on the face of the world, there remained a need for laws and regulations to maintain peace and order in the society. As humans progressed, these laws obtained a sophisticated visage and began to get documented as an official set of rules that applies to all the people. These regulations primarily devised a code of conduct that elucidated the desirable and undesirable actions and practices within theRead More Juvenile Justice Essay881 Words   |  4 Pages Juvenile Justice nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Juvenile Justice System as it typically functions in Americas thousands of jurisdictions is the subject that will be covered. The Juvenile Justice System is defined as that quot;sociolegal process having responsibility and authority for public reaction to current juvenile delinquency and deterrence of future juvenile delinquency, including within that process the public and private agents, agencies, laws, rules, and policies having to do withRead MoreThe Origins Of Juvenile Justice1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthe origins of juvenile justice, from the house of refuge to the juvenile programs of today. Ans: In the early nineteenth century, the idea of reforming youth offenders took root in the United States. The House of Refuge in New York, which opened in 1824, was the first juvenile house of reform in the United States. This was the first attempt to house juvenile offenders in a separate facility and other States, like Maryland, would soon follow suit. The idea was not to punish juveniles offenders as adults

Organizational Behavior (Work-Related Stress) Free Essays

string(94) " look into motivating and satisfying them in order to safeguard the interests of the company\." | Organizational Behavior| a) What are the major sources of work-related stress? b) Examine the role of gender in work-related stress| | | | Adnan Malik – H00133313 Chris Andrew D’Silva – H00115516 Muhammad Mohsin – H00114888 Muhammad Hammad Malik – 091616937 Word Count: 2200 Date: 27/10/2012 | This essay aims to discuss major sources of work-related stress and provide an analysis of the reasons that cause stress among both males and females, and whether similarities exist between them. So, what is stress? Comprehensively, stress is a typical instinctive reaction to situations that make one feel pressured or agitated in any way. For instance, when a person senses any sort of threat, he/she delivers an automatic stress response or the â€Å"fight or flight† reaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior (Work-Related Stress) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, this reaction is the body’s means to protect themself. Moreover, stress can help a person to remain attentive and focussed during their course of work, and aid them to complete tasks or meet deadlines. In case of an emergency, stress can also help one defend or protect their life. Beyond a particular level however, stress is no longer helpful and begins to cause damage to one’s health, productivity and lifestyle (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 2000). Therefore, it is important to determine when one undergoes stress, the reasons for it as well as the many ways through which, they can cope with it. All this can improve their psychological and mental well-being significantly. As identified by The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) using Palmer Et Al and Cary Cooper’s developments of the working models of work-related stress, there are six significant likely sources of stress or stressors at a work place in general. These are: work demands, work relationships, a person’s control over work, an individual’s role within an organization, career development and the interface between home and work. To begin with, work demands and physical demands consist of stressors that are constitutive to the job. These include working environments, workload (overload and underload), working hours and even technology to a certain extent. Working environments: It is obvious that undesirable working settings such as workplaces with high levels of noise, bad lightings or extreme temperature can stress workers and down their performances. Furthermore, this can give rise to mental as well as physical illnesses or disorders. Workload: employees usually endure a surplus of workload (work overload) or a deficit of workload (work under load). The two are quantitative and qualitative by nature and may result in elevated stress levels. Quantitative overload relates to circumstances wherein workers are required to do a lot more work in a stipulated time period and qualitative overload refers to situations in which workers believe that they would be unable to perform required tasks because they lack the ability or expertise needed. Likewise, quantitative and qualitative work under load also leads to stress, although, it may not be so evident. Quantitative under load occurs when workers tend to get bored as a result of having very little work with a lot of available time. Whereas qualitative under load relates to an employee’s feeling of reduced motivation due to their dull or monotonous job routine. Working hours: working for long hours can lead to stress; diminishing a worker’s productivity and consequently lead to mental or physical ill-health. A recent study states that working for 11 hours a day can increase possibilities of a heart disease due to high stress levels. The study features at the same level to individuals who smoke; individuals who have high cholesterol levels and even individuals with high blood pressure. Technology: similarly, reports have revealed that excessive use certain information technology (IT) in companies by its employees can also cause negative physiological as well as psychological problems. Secondly, maintaining good, healthy relationships with superiors, subordinates and co-workers are very important at a work place. Frequent conflicts, trust issues, aggravation and oppression are all factors expected to elevate stress levels. Besides this, in most cases, when individuals meet successes, they tend to abandon their ties with colleagues, friends and behaviour. This theory is called ‘status incongruity’. Undergoing such a negative transformation could lead to damaging effects, psychologically as well as physically. Further to this, an individual’s control over his/her work is another source of stress. Basically, it is a person’s authority and way in which they perform given tasks. High levels of stress are usually linked with low levels of one’s control over their job and vice versa. Fourthly, the individual’s role within an organisation: a prime cause of stress that is associated with the ‘job role’ of an individual along with the demands made upon him/her. There are a number of ways through which this source of stress is one most workers usually face. These are: Role Conflict: a form of social conflict initiated by a person being obliged to play discrete and mismatched roles. Conflict of roles can arise at an individual level, wherein one person is required to take on separate roles for diverse groups, or in a workplace in which a person is needed to comply with several roles in one particular group. For example, an individual who undertakes the role of a worker as well as a supervisor endures role conflict. Role obscurity: this usually arises when a person lacks clarity about a job and is uncertain about the anticipated manner in which he/she should conduct themselves. For example, people generally tend to be quite stressed on the first day of work because they are not fully certain of their responsibilities or the way the company operates. Both role obscurity and role conflict are highly related to increased stress levels and further lead to reduced levels of job satisfaction. Accountability for others and managerial stress: people who are accountable for other people in a workplace often suffer from increased stress compared to others. People responsible for this are usually managers or supervisors. For example, some managers of companies are responsible for the actions of their subordinates. They have to look into motivating and satisfying them in order to safeguard the interests of the company. You read "Organizational Behavior (Work-Related Stress)" in category "Essay examples" Apart from this they’re personalities generally demand them to be very competitive, pressurized and contentious and such characteristics can prove damaging to their physical and mental state. Another potential stressor is the development of one’s career: an imperative source of stress that talks about job insecurity, over-promotion and under-promotion, acquisitions and mergers and occupational locking-in. Job insecurity: in most cases, an individual’s risk of losing his/her job or being unemployed is directly linked with various illnesses and health problems. Over-promotion under-promotion: over-promotion refers to a situation in which an employee acquires responsibilities that surpass their abilities and skills and the latter refers to a situation, wherein an individual is not given enough responsibilities that meet his/her ability. Both such circumstances can lead to significant levels of stress and furthermore deteriorate a person’s psychological state. Acquisitions and mergers: these affect both executives (managers, directors etc. and subordinates who are then required to conform to the rules, objectives and manners of the new establishment. Occupational locking-in: this circumstance arises when a person is unable to shift from their current job. Lastly, the work and home interface, also known as the balance between work and life is a major source of work related s tress that comprises of events that take place external to the work place of an individual but embarks negative effects on his/her conduct at work. These events may be concerns associated to family, financial problems and opposing personal and company views. Role of gender in work-related stress: According to Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, stress is what we feel when we have to respond to a demand on our energy. Stress is a natural part of life, and occurs whenever there are significant changes in our lives, whether positive or negative. There are many situations that cause stress such as financial worries, work overload, unemployment, relationships, parenting, balancing work and family, caregiving, health problems, losses, holidays, competitiveness, peer pressure and lack of time (Canadian Mental Health Association, n. d. ). Workplace stress according to the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety is defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that can result from conflicts between job demands on the employee and the amount of control an employee has over meeting these demands (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and safety, 2000). Hoel, Zapf Cooper have explained the reasons of workplace stress developing due to changing environments. They state that during the 1980’s work environments were transformed by globalization, privatization, process re-engineering, mergers and acquisitions, strategic alliances and joint ventures. With time a situation known as ‘burnout’ occurred. In the 1990’s the workplace suddenly changed. Firms started to downsize, delayer and flatten. As a result redundancy and organizational change occurred. Technology started shaping in which has increased the work pace and caused information overload. Consequently job intensification and work insecurity occurred (Hoel et al. , 2002). When it comes to gender, there are a number of wants both male and female desire. For males it is higher pay in order to increase their standard of living, and promotions to boost their status in society. What is more they require recognition for their work and more leisure time to be able to fulfil household commitments. On the other hand, for females they want to have flexible work timings since they take care of children and perform house duties. Moreover, they desire to work in an environment where they are supported and taken care of. As a result of this, they remain loyal to their job. Also, they want to work in a decent reputable firm where their ideas are appreciated and implemented which in turn increases their job performance. Lastly, they demand respect and trust from fellow subordinates. There are a number of reasons why individuals both male and female get work related stress. A detailed analysis of the factors that causes stress for both genders will be presented. For females, one factor that causes stress is balancing both life and work. This is difficult and tough to manage. The reason is due to being away from home and spending long hours at the office which causes them to miss their family and children. Another cause is procrastinating. This refers to leaving the project or assignment to the last minute which results in high levels of anxiety, tension and worry. Also, over-committing is another reason. This means that one has to try and think how he/she will fulfil least important priorities before moving onto the top priority tasks. In addition to this not setting priorities can cause high levels of stress. This means that the individual would feel that he/she is overworking. Both mental and physical overload occurs. Poor relationships with co-workers and subordinates can also be a contributing reason of stress. Without good elationships, assignments will be difficult to complete, teamwork is limited and strained, and it will be difficult to get assistance when required. Poor communication is another cause of stress. This refers to information being misinterpreted, not understood; details omitted, which causes confusion, and re doing the work all over again. Lastly confusion on where certain documents are located i s a factor for stress occurring. As a result of all these factors, women are more likely to report burnout, stress-related illness, or a desire to leave their jobs (International Labour Organization, 2001). In the case of males, job insecurity is one factor that causes stress. Due to economic changes and pressures the working environment is gradually decreasing over time. This is caused by reorganizations, mergers, takeovers; downsizing and other changes have become major players in creating stress. Moreover, higher demand of performance by chief operating officers is another factor. As employees get promoted there is a greater amount of workload, extremely long hours to work and high expectations all cause them to be both physically and mentally drained. Advanced technology is another reason. Managers expect that all workers should increase productivity, speed and efficiency in completing their tasks. This is difficult for staff as they are under increased amounts of pressure. Adjusting to the new workplace can be a challenge to newer staff. This includes learning the proper styles of communication and getting to know co-workers, supervisors and bosses. This in turn causes stress. Lastly, personal problems are also another reason for stress. If there are difficulties at home, individuals tend to carry their issues to the workplace which leads them to being unfocused, depressed and having a lack of motivation to work. On comparing the reasons of stress for both males and females it can be noted that men tend to show physical deterioration as a response to stressful situations whereas women generally exhibit psychological symptoms (Wichert, 2002). To prevent stress in the workplace, companies adopt some methods. One method is to provide fitness and wellbeing programs such as reduced gym membership rates, playing sports, team building exercises, and providing play areas for mothers’ children. Also, by organizing company events, parties and social gatherings employees can enjoy themselves, have fun, and develop new relationships with ew people. In conclusion, stress cannot be totally prevented at the workplace but can be significantly reduced if the firms decide to implement stress-reducing measures such as fitness programs and fun, social events and team building exercises. Regardless of gender, both men and women tend to have work related stress but the level of stress for females is relativ ely higher than males mainly due to domestic responsibilities. Bibliography: Aziz, S. and Cunningham, J. (2008). Workaholism, work stress, work-life imbalance: exploring gender’s role.. Gender in Management [online]. 23, p. 553-566. Available from: ;http://ezproxy1. hw. ac. uk:2147/journals. htm? articleid=1752041;. [Accessed 25 October 2012]. Melanie, B. (2005). Stress in the Workplace: A General Overview of the Causes, the Effects, and the Solutions. Workplace Stress [online]. 1, p. 1-44. Available from: ;http://www. cmhanl. ca/pdf/Work Place Stress. pdf;. [Accessed 25 October 2012]. How to Keep Control Over the Work Environment  [online]. (2009). Available from: ;http://www. exforsys. com/career-center/personal-excellence/keep-control-over-the-work-environment. html;. [Accessed 25/10/2012]. Stress at Work  [online]. 2004). Available from: ;http://www. theworkfoundation. com/downloadpublication/report/69_69_stress_at_work. pdf;. [Accessed 24/10/2012]. Stress at a workplace  [online]. (2007). Available from: ;1. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/hsl_pdf/2003/hsl03-02. pdf;. [Accessed 26/10/2012]. Bloomberg (2011). Stress  [online]. Available from: ;http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2011-0†¦ tudy-says . html;. [Accessed 26/10/2012]. Howard Kahn (2011). Organizational Behavior. UK: Heriot Watt. Available from: ;/webapps/blackboard/execute/launcher? type=Course;id=_65776_1;url=;. [Accessed 24/10/2012]. How to cite Organizational Behavior (Work-Related Stress), Essay examples

Roles And Responsibilities Of The Nurse †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Roles And Responsibilities Of The Nurse. Answer: The Roles And Responsibilities Of The Nurse In The Practice Setting Of Calvary Health Care Bethlehem (Caulfield) Calvary health care Bethlehem is situated in Caulfield and has a bigger name in the fields of progressive neurological disease and palliative care. They provide services to the Victorian community. Almost 4000 peoples get admitted in this hospital every year. They used to work with the patients very closely and provide their best assessment and care. The neurological service provided by this hospital is known as Statewide Progressive Neurological Disease Service. It offers a big range of multidisciplinary assessment and services to the people who are diagnosed with neurological disorder (Kirby, Broom Good, 2014). The care was provided by a multidisciplinary team which consist of: Medical specialists such as Neuro-psychiatrists, Respiratory physicians, Neurologists and palliative care physicians; Allied health specialists such as Occupational Therapists, Physiotherapists, Dietitians, Neuropsychologists and Social Workers; Specialist Nurse; Pastoral care workers; and Researchers Palliative care is also provided by this hospital and it focuses on providing the support to the patients those who are having a progressive neurological disease. The objective of this care is to help the patients in achieving dignity and comfort (Hockenberry Wilson, 2014). The nurses at Calvary Health Care Bethlehem were expert in taking care of the patient who needs palliative care. They do this through supporting and advising the GP and also the team providing primary care, by managing the symptoms of distress; by offering visit to home when it is necessary, by providing the equipments that will give support to the patients during their stay at home as long as possible, by providing the telephonic advice facility for 24 hours and by teaching the ways of caring the patient to the family. They used to provide the palliative care to the patients those who are at hospital as well as at home (Aslakson, Curtis Nelson, 2014). According to an article The Crucial Role of Nurses in Palliative Care, February 13, 2017 (NurseBuff, 2017), it can be said that the role of a nurse in the palliative care is different from the other specialists of the hospitals. The palliative care nurse had to serve a dual role of care. They had to provide expert caring to the patients also had to manage the pain and the discomforts of the patient and their family. These roles are the most important of the conventional duties that are being performed by a nurse like carrying out the treatment and assessing the symptoms. In Calvary Health Care Bethlehem, a Palliative Care Nurse can help the patient to manage the issues regarding the disease of the patient by consulting with the patients General Practitioner (GP). A specialist Nurses at this hospital are providing care, giving advice and also providing information any time of the day or night (Kirby, Broom Good, 2014). They used to offer counselling for proving support, information and practical advice on getting help in the community. They can help the patient on a practical, personal, emotional and spiritual level. They use music for the improvement of health and wellbeing of the patient. They also offer physiotherapy for providing practical help in managing pain by suggesting exercises. They help the patient in managing everyday activities by assisting them with the help of some equipment. The Palliative Care nurses are trained for helping the patients by providing them relaxation and offering some social support (Broom et al., 2015). ThePalliative Clinic at the Calvary Health Care Bethlehem, look after the patients who so that they can get benefit from the team of experts. The doctor, nurses, physiotherapists, social workers and occupational therapists of the hospital always tries to help the people to stop pain and different illness. The hospital is always available to the peoples those who are living at home and they wish in improving the quality of their life. On arrival of the patients they are being assessed either by a specialist doctor or a nurse (Quill Abernethy, 2013). The doctors appointed for the patient together with some other specialists are involved in care of the patient; they are the important part of multidisciplinary team and can be contacted anytime after the appointment. If any of the patient become too ill so that they are unable to travel to the hospital then a community specialist nurse is appointed for visiting the patient at home. The nurse provides overnight support in addition to a ca ll to the communitynursing home for the palliative care patients those who needed the care at their home. The Day Centre is type of a centre which provide care and also a friendly place for the patient for meeting with others and opportunities to join in various types of activities. The care program that is being offered by the hospital used to focus on the patients mental and physical health. It also provides opportunities that are being involved in one or many activities that can provide the patient some rest so that they can be cured fast (Back et al., 2014). Program activities that are provided to the palliative patient by the nurse of the Calvary Health Care Bethlehem are art, pet therapy, music, Reiki, aromatherapy, tai chi, gentle massage, outings, travel in an armchair, quizzes, movies, gardening, games, cooking, discussion and reminiscence. The Palliative Care provide by the nurses are focused on the patients those who are suffering from a progressive non-curable disease (Anderson et al., 2016). The Current recommendation of LGBTI policies in palliative community nursing from the literature The LGBTI is an abbreviation used for the people of different sexualities such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex. LGBTI peoples always experience some big problems that are uniquely connected to their social lives and identity. Healthcare professionals such as nurses are needed to be more aware of the problems that are faced by most of the members of LGBTI community while providing them care. Not all issues featured here are substantial for all LGBTI people yet familiarity with more serious hazard variables or inclination to a few sicknesses is required (Barrett Wholihan, 2016). Wellbeing experts are here and there awkward with giving administrations to LGBTI people. Morally mindful wellbeing experts will guarantee this does not bring about resulting separation and substandard care. Patients may likewise turn out to be unreasonably vilified by wellbeing experts when a medicinal determination, for example, HIV AIDS, is expected to have been contracted through IV sed ate use for instance. Wellbeing experts have an obligation of care to instruct and educate patients with respect to how to diminish the danger of their infection to themselves as well as other people, yet not to be judgemental about the decisions of others (Barrett Wholihan, 2016). The report of Marie Curie Hiding who I am exposes the truth of palliative care for the LGBT peoples along with the useful definitions such as the abbreviation of LGBT, some acronyms that are being used by both students as well as the professionals. This research proves that the gay, lesbian, transgender and bisexual used to face some important barriers in getting the palliative care whenever they need the care. This report also shows that many of older LGBT peoples are concerned about whether the service providers or the healthcare professionals will treat them in a different way for their sexuality or inequality in gender. Unfortunately, this behaviour from the professionals leads to the people of the LGBT communities to feel that the palliative care and the end of life care services are not made for them and they will receive the worse type of treatment than the straight persons (Carabez Scott, 2016). It is important for a healthcare professional that they must be aware of the issue of palliative care for LGBT people. LGBT individuals have a higher rate of life-constraining and dangerous sickness than individuals who are not LGBT. The danger of smoking and liquor mishandle is higher among LGBT individuals, and has been ascribed to worry from homophobia, separation and underestimation (Carabez Scott, 2016). It's additionally vital to take note of that LGBT individuals will probably be single, childless, repelled from their introduction to the world families and experience harming emotional wellness issues. These components are probably going to bring down odds of a LGBT individual accepting stable and on-going casual care, for instance from an accomplice or organic relative (Elk, 2015). For a few people in the LGBT people group, the finish of life mind you are a piece of giving could conceivably be the main wellspring of help they are accepting. This makes it progressively essential to ensure you are giving patient-focused care to a LGBT individual, guaranteeing their particular needs and decisions have been completely considered (Griebling 2016). There are a number of issues and barriers LGBT people may experience at the end of their life. These include: Anticipating discrimination - LGBT individuals get to palliative care benefits late or not in the least, either on the grounds that they suspect shame or segregation or they think the administration isn't for them. Complexities of religion and LGBT end of life care - Palliative and end of life mind administrations may not generally guarantee LGBT patients and their families have a similar otherworldly needs tended to at end of life as some other patient (White Gendron, 2016). Assumptions about identity and family structure - Health and social care staff frequently make suppositions about individuals' sexuality or sex personality that affect their experience of palliative and end of life mind. Proof recommends that a few clinicians do segregate on the premise of sexual introduction (Streed Jr. Eliason, 2017). Varied support networks - LGBT individuals toward the finish of life may be encompassed by dear companions and care groups which speak to developed encouraging groups of people nearby organic ones. LGBT individuals can likewise feel worried that their friends and family won't be regarded and perceived as closest relative. Unsupported grief and bereavement - Partners feel secluded or unsupported amid mourning as a result of their sexuality. Increased pressure on LGBT carers - There is expanded weight on casual carers, since individuals are getting to palliative and end of life mind benefits late or not in any way. Its important for a healthcare professional to be aware of the issues that the bisexual people and transgender people face every time in the society. If the nurse is treating the patient who is a bisexual or transgender, it will be good to have a conversation with them about their fears and concerns regarding the palliative care and if they will feel comfortable in discussing the problems with the nurse then it will become easier for the nurse to treat them carefully (Jacobson, 2017). As a nurse for providing the LGBT patient better form of palliative care and end of their life care I must follow the research of Marie Curie. This research proves that the two of the important points of good palliative care and end of life care for the people of LGBT community are that if they are receiving the person-centred care around them or not and whether their partner is involved and accepted in the treatment or not (Eliason Dibble, 2015). If I am providing the palliative care or the end of life care to a people of the LGBT community, I must also consider in providing the patient with data that speaks to assorted gatherings, including the LGBT people group. I must review the dialect you utilize when talking with your patient to guarantee you are utilizing more comprehensive terms, for example, their partner. I must try to do some preparation which will enable the people to better comprehend the particular needs and worries of LGBT individuals living with a terminal ailment, incorporating into the setting of home care administrations. I must be acquainted with your manager's inner approaches and works on identifying with negative and prejudicial conduct. I must contact a nearby LGBT philanthropy or group gathering to see more about end of life mind needs and the additional weights LGBT carers can confront. I must be aware of life decisions and inclinations. References Anderson, W. G., Puntillo, K., Boyle, D., Barbour, S., Turner, K., Cimino, J., ... Grywalski, M. (2016). ICU Bedside Nurses' Involvement in Palliative Care Communication: A Multicenter Survey.Journal of pain and symptom management,51(3), 589-596. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.11.003 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26596882 Aslakson, R. A., Curtis, J. R., Nelson, J. E. (2014). The changing role of palliative care in the ICU. Critical care medicine, 42(11), 2418. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000000573 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4695994/ Back, A. L., Park, E. R., Greer, J. A., Jackson, V. A., Jacobsen, J. C., Gallagher, E. R., Temel, J. S. (2014). Clinician roles in early integrated palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: a qualitative study.Journal of palliative medicine,17(11), 1244-1248. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2014.0146 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25390467 Barrett, N., Wholihan, D. (2016). Providing Palliative Care to LGBTQ Patients. Nursing Clinics, 51(3), 501-511. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2016.05.001 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27497022 Broom, A., Kirby, E., Good, P., Wootton, J., Yates, P., Hardy, J. (2015). Negotiating futility, managing emotions:Nursing the transition to palliative care. Qualitative Health Research, 25(3), 299-309. doi: 10.1177/1049732314553123 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25246331 Carabez, R., Scott, M. (2016). Nurses don't deal with these issues: nurses role in advance care planning for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender patients. Journal of clinical nursing, 25(23-24), 3707-3715. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13336 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27453528 Eliason, M. J., Dibble, S. L. (2015). Provider-patient issues for the LGBT cancer patient. InCancer and the LGBT community(pp. 187-202). Springer, Cham. Url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-15057-4_12 Elk, R. (2015). Challenges and Recommended Solutions to End of Life Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Patients Diagnosed with Cancer with a Life-Limiting Prognosis. In Cancer and the LGBT Community (pp. 227-242). Springer International Publishing. doi:10.3322/caac.21288 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4609168/ Griebling, T. L. (2016). Sexuality and aging: a focus on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) needs in palliative and end of life care. Current opinion in supportive and palliative care, 10(1), 95-101. doi: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000196 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26780525 Jacobson, J. (2017). LGBT Older Adults in Long-Term Care.AJN The American Journal of Nursing,117(8), 18-20. DOI:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000521965.23470.a6 Kirby, E., Broom, A., Good, P. (2014). The role and significance of nurses in managing transitions to palliative care: a qualitative study. BMJ open, 4(9), e006026. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006026 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25270859 Kwong, J., Bockting, W., Gabler, S., Abbruzzese, L. D., Simon, P., Fialko, J., ... Hall, P. (2017). Development of an Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Model for Older LGBT Adults.LGBT health. Doi: org/10.1089/lgbt.2016.0160 url: https://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/lgbt.2016.0160?journalCode=lgbt NurseBuff. (2017). The Crucial Role of Nurses In Palliative Care - NurseBuff. [online] Available at: https: www.nursebuff.com/nurses-role-in-palliative-care/ Quill, T. E., Abernethy, A. P. (2013). Generalist plus specialist palliative carecreating a more sustainable model.New England Journal of Medicine,368(13), 1173-1175. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1215620 url: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1215620#t=article Streed Jr, C. G., Eliason, M. (2017). Resilience Development Among LGBT Health Practitioners. In Trauma, Resilience, and Health Promotion in LGBT Patients (pp. 245-254). Springer International Publishing. https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54509-7_20 url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-54509-7_20 White, J. T., Gendron, T. L. (2016). LGBT elders in nursing homes, long-term care facilities, and residential communities. InHandbook of LGBT Elders(pp. 417-437). Springer International Publishing. Doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03623-6_21 url: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-03623-6_21

She Remembered free essay sample

â€Å"We will be getting a new student next week, and we would like you to help her around the school,† my fourth grade teacher said. And I agree happily. Excited about being asked, I imagine a fourth grade friendship. Painting nails. Sharing secrets. Being best friends. Next week came quickly, and I raced from the bus to my classroom window. Peering through, I noticed something different—her crooked smile, her arched back and her buckled knees. I went inside to introduce myself, but I felt confused. â€Å"Maddie, this is Tiffany.† My teacher noticed my curious discomfort, so she brought me in the hallway. She explained that Tiffany had autism. Autism? What is that? She said Tiffany is no different than the rest of my classmates. I agreed, unknowing how I was going to cope, connect, or communicate with her. The following week, I learned Tiffany’s likes, dislikes, and triggers. My class didn’t understand her differences. We will write a custom essay sample on She Remembered or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But I did. I felt responsible for her. She drove me to do well in school and she helped me understand the way people interact with each other. After helping Tiffany for over three years, she moved in with a foster family, and transferred schools. Then, from eighth grade through sophomore year, I babysat Matthew. He is a boy with Cerebral Palsy, which meant he was dependent on my help. I asked my mom what Cerebral Palsy was when I found out I was going to be babysitting him. She compared Matthew to Tiffany. My sister babysat previously for Matthew and informed me how to feed, wash, and change him. I then grasped on what my night would entail, and I became nervous—but a good nervous. But babysitting Matthew was different from helping Tiffany. I now had to give my attention and assistance to him. I never knew someone could be so dependent, yet so happy. In that moment, I understood. Matthew and Tiffany are different, yet they are similar. But they both were happy. Tiffany and Matthew taught me to understand people: how they feel, how they communicate, and how they react. Matthew and Tiffany taught me how to hold a conversation with anyone, while making them feel special—and happy. At seventeen, I thought I would never see Tiffany again. But then, I volunteered with Special Olympics. And I saw Tiffany at one of the events. During the awards, I felt a light tap on my shoulder, and heard my name. As I turned, I saw sixteen-year-old Tiffany with her same glowing smile. She remembered me.

Working for a MNE and Bharti Airtel

Working for a MNE and Bharti Airtel Introduction Various companies present diverse working terms and conditions based on the business environment and other factors such as such business profitability. Globalization issues have been shown to impact performance outcomes of business establishments across the world. Increased adoption technology and expansion of businesses continuously make firms enter into emerging markets to increase their sales.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Working for a MNE and Bharti Airtel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The entry into new markets often disrupts long running standards. This paper considers two options of working in international companies. One options involves making a decision about working for a MNE, such as IBM moving into a developing country, for example, India. The second option involves deciding to work for a company from an emerging economy, such as Bharti Airtel, moving into a Western market, such as Fr ance. The first option (working for a Western MNE) It is crucial to consider important aspects with regard to many MNEs in the developed world that focus on moving into developing markets in order to make a decision whether to work for them. The most recent global meltdown caused many MNEs in the US to rethink abut their operations and focus on entering developing markets such as India. Based on the growth of about 70% that is expected from the emerging markets, I would choose to work for an MNE moving into a growing market. In fact, it has been projected that India and China would contribute to 40% growth of developing markets. This could imply that working for a firm establishing itself in such markets would provide an excellent opportunity for growth and expansion. It would be essential to consider the following external influences that would either negatively or positively impact the performance of a MNE in a foreign developing world: Cultural diversification Competitive models Technology trends Political issues Legal matters Environmental issues Industry structure and drivers of the economy Customer expectations I would play an important role in offering the management advice with regard to setting operations in a global market characterized by a relatively high level of market growth. A comparison between the expected gains and challenges would be made. Ultimately, a decision would be made on the grounds that there will be more benefits than challenges. On the contrary, it would also be important to make a decision to work for a MNE in a developing market on the premises that the management plans to execute strategies that would aim at preventing negative impacts of external factors in a new international market.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An analysis of internal factors of a company would also be helpful when making a decision about working for a MNE. First, an analysis of the management vision would help. The vision should be structured in such a way that it supports the operations of the company in international markets. Second, the strategy of the firm being considered would help an individual to realize whether or not it is destined to realize excellent growth trends in the future. For example, it would be important to consider if the firm has adopted strategic marketing and management models for short-term and long-term goals. Third, it would be essential to analyze the extent to which the management creates value of the investments made by shareholders. If there would be a high level of value creation, then it would greatly determine the decision to work for a MNE. On the other hand, a firm that does not have excellent value creation trends would not present an important avenue in which to work. The fourth internal factor to be considered is the past performance trends of a MNE. It would be practica l to think that a firm with a good history of performance trends would also perform excellently in new international market. On the contrary, it would be quite difficult for a firm that has not been successful in local markets to perform well in an international market. The option has the following advantages: High chances of exploitation of local economies Achievement of economies of scale Cost leadership However, the option would be characterized by the following disadvantages: High competition from established companies Pressure from global integration Product customization issues Second option (working for a company from an emerging country into a developed market in the west) It is apparent that emerging and developed markets have different opportunities and market characteristics. For example, a developed market in the US would be characterized by a much higher level of competition from business rivals than an emerging one. In addition, a developed market would require a h igh degree of product standardization and customization than it would be expected in an emerging market, such as India and China. In order to make a decision to work for a firm such as Bharti Airtel in a foreign market, it would important to consider essential factors that would help in the short-term or long-term realization of goals.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Working for a MNE and Bharti Airtel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizational structure would be analyzed because it would determine the extent to which a firm would operate in a new market. If a firm’s organizational structure would allow efficient flow of management information, then it would result in excellent performance outcomes. Pricing strategy adopted by MNEs in emerging market would probably be utilized in establishing operations in the developed world. For example, Kenya’s Safaricom and India’s Bharti Airtel have p rovided excellent low pricing models that have generated the best revenues for the two firms. Therefore, the adoption of low pricing strategies in the developed market would also help firms to record very good performance outcomes. The achievement of globalization goals would be based on ideal chain value models that focus on prices and customer satisfaction. In the past, many firms from emerging economies have proved to be successful in developed countries, including Ranbaxy, MISC, Embraer, Teneris, and Sasol, among others. Before making a decision about working with a MNE from an emerging market, it would also be critical to take into account the drivers of internal integration. Pressures for global integration and pressures for local responsiveness would influence the drivers. Thus, the catalysts for internationalization would be utilized to maximize efficiency and facilitate the processes of assembling differentiated portions of a product into a standardized whole. I would go fo r the choice of working for a MNE originating from a developing market on the premises of its level of IT integration in its operations. In the contemporary world, the use of IT is essential for all operations of a business, including product design, production, marketing, and distribution. The advantages of this choice would be the following:Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consumer divergence High chances of a firm’s leverage Low pressure for global integration Increased avenues of sources of global expansion operations However, the option would be faced by the following disadvantages: High competition from multinational firms Threat of substitute products Adverse government policies

None Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

None - Case Study Example Races were fighting against one another, and African Americans seemed to be struggling for their rights everywhere they turned. It was a different time in America than today, and King’s speech reflected that. Similarly, Obama speech in Cairo was given with the same hopes and dreams that are still topical in our time. Even today, the world is divided by religious strife and tension. Obama’s hope when delivering this speech in Egypt was to express his sincere desire to eliminate this ugly period from the world’s history and to have all religions and people live in peace with one another. So, we have two speeches but one vision and dream. Three quotes that stand out in King’s speech begin with the statement â€Å"One hundred years later, the Negro still is not free†. This sets the tone for his remarks and gives the reason for the necessity of the speech. Furthermore, he mentions that â€Å"now is the time to make real the promises of democracy† (â€Å"Martin Luther King Jr. – I Have A Dream†). He is imploring Americans to not sit idly by and wait for change to happen. He says, rightfully so, that it must happen now. So, finally, the quote that is most memorable to this student is â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: All men are created equal† (â€Å"Martin Luther King Jr. – I Have A Dream†). This is a call to action and one that was heeded by millions across the country. Obama’s speech had a similar tone to King’s. He stated the problem directly with his quote, â€Å"We meet at a time of great tension between the United States and Muslims around the world† (â€Å"Remarks by the President on a New Beginning†). He was genuine in his desire to set the record straight and to work on ways that the two parts of the world could begin to live more peacefully together. Another significant quote in this speech is when Obama

Edgar Allen Poe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Edgar Allen Poe - Essay Example This relationship between the brother and sister is further examined in terms of the dominant sibling holding sway over the weaker brother. The night of the storm, Roderick is seen in the narrator’s room. â€Å"His head had dropped upon his breast †¦ he rocked from side to side with a gentle yet constant and uniform sway† while he seems aware that Madeline, buried alive in the crypt below, has been struggling for many days to escape her tomb. â€Å"Long – long – long – many minutes, many hours, many days, have I heard it – yet I dared not – oh, pity me, miserable wretch, that I am! – I dared not – I dared not speak! We have put her living in the tomb!†. While Roderick is incapable of facing his ghastly mistake in order to rectify it, Madeline appears in the doorway with â€Å"blood upon her white robes and the evidence of some bitter struggle upon every portion of her emaciated frame†. The terror of her appearance is made all the more ghastly as one considers how the two men struggled over the casements that had enclosed her body, the heavy iron door that had blocked her tomb and the completely sealed quality of the dungeon in which she was placed. More than requiring superhuman strength to overcome the several days’ worth of airlessness that she had endured since being buried, Madeline required additional superhuman strength to throw off the heavy, bolted lid of her coffin and tear open the locked door of her cell in order to appear in the narrator’s room that evening. â€Å"Mistakenly we ask these creatures, ‘What do you want?’

Rephrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Rephrase - Essay Example The world is changing is changing more rapidly than ever before, to be able to succeed, managers and employees need to perform at a higher level. Most organizations have discovered that to be able to reach and remain in the top of the competitive environment, they need to build a competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is the ability of organizations to perform better than other organizations because they are producing desired goods and services more effectively and efficiently than its competitors. The main items that help in building a competitive advantage is quality, innovation, efficiency, and responsiveness to customers’ changing needs. In the today’s competitive environment, organizations look for new ways to improve themselves (BECERRA-FERNANDEZ, 2008). This shows that knowledge is crucial to the success of an organization. This paper looks at how organizations in the UAE can succeed if they develop proper knowledge management, organizational trust, creativ ity, and innovation and how these elements are related. Knowledge management is a crucial aspect in gaining insights over the competitive edge in the framework of the EAU economy. Knowledge has proved to be beneficial in helping organizations gain an advantage over other competitors in the market. The concept of efficiency and effective management of knowledge is a crucial aspect in all organizations. When knowledge is managed, organizations get ways to take advantage of opportunities and are able to reduce the chances of errors. Knowledge management goes through some steps which include; identification of need, knowledge acquisition, and sharing. Knowledge acquisition is the process that a company tries to obtain information from internal and external sources. External knowledge sources include customers, suppliers, partners, competitors, and external experts. This is the process of extracting knowledge

Agency Theory Accounting practices

Agency Theory Accounting practices Agency theory the contribution of agency theory to the development of current accounting practices Introduction The aim of this report is to develop a relationship between agency theory and the existing practices of accountancy. In the report, the problem of agent-principal will be described with the main consequences for business-related relationship. After identifying the problem, the accountancy practices will be linked to the issues addressed in model that will be explained. The report will look at a case study related to agency theories and its affects within accounting practices. Finally it will show the ways the accountancy practices meet the problems raised by the agent-principal relationships. The agency theory is a mixture of the relationships between principals and agents, it occurs when principal and the agents create a delegation (Donaldson, L. Davis, J.H., June 1991). Berle and Means 1932 stated that the Agency theory argues that in modern corporation, where share ownership is widely held, managerial actions depart from those required to maximise the shareholders return, this was also backed up by Pratt and Zeckhauser in 1985. According to Jensen and Meckling, 1976, In Agency theory terms, the owners are principals and the managers are agents and there is an Agency loss which is the extent to which returns to the residual claimants, the owners, fall below what they would be if the principals, and the owners, exercised direct control of the corporation (Donaldson, L. Davis, J.H., June 1991). The long term strategies for agency theory include the principle of company, business, franchise, etc providing incentives such as increasing commission, continuing to provide advertising, training and motivation to increase outlet operations. To argue this Carney and Gedajlovic stated that regarding of the exogenous factor, outlet managers have an incentive to shirk and misrepresent their abilities because the firm is hard to differentiate the managers performance behavior (Mathieu, 1997), While the short-term strategies include balancing supply with demand at the shortest turn around time. Agency theory tends to impact business decisions by focusing on establishing incentives as mentioned in the long-term strategies above. However, it may be very costly and may create moral hazards if top management tries to over maximise profits for themselves instead of for the employees. The cost to manage and monitor transactions can affect both the domestic and global financial managers due to the strategy becoming very expensive; nevertheless this strategy can have the negative impact upon the organisations survival. Conflicts of agency theory There is a conflict between principals and agents (shareholders and managers) that can potentially have a devastating business consequence. The cost of monitoring efforts, measuring results and opportunities lost can be substantial. Incentives and disincentives may not result in wanted outcome, when businesses should scan their environment constantly to seek opportunities to meet the interest of their own stakeholders. Agency theory is a small entity of financial economics that looks at conflicts of interest between people that have different interests for the same assets, this means that their will always be constant conflicts between: shareholders managers and shareholders bond holders. These are the reason why organisations make constant acquisitions that tend to be bad for the shareholder, why convertible bonds are preferably used while normal bonds are often sold with warrants and finally shows the importance of capital structures. According to Eisenhardt (1989a), agency theory is devoted to the solution of two problems that can arise from agency relationships. The first problem is goal related and arises when: i) there is a conflict between the goals of the principal and the agent; and ii) the verification of the agents behaviour is difficult or expensive to be verified by the principal. The second problem is risk-related. If the agent and the principal have different attitudes towards risk, it is likely that both will behave differently and in accordance to their risk preferences. Identifying conflicting positions between any two agents and explaining the governance mechanisms underlying these relationships (that limit the agents behaviour) is known as the Positivist agency theory (Eisenhardt, 1989a). A different position is found in the principal-agent research (as opposed to the positivistic agency theory) and relies on a more mathematical and abstract approach to the problem. Although in different perspectives, these two approaches can be complementary as it can be seen in the quotation below (Eisenhardt, 1998a: 60): â€Å"Rather, the important point is that the two streams are complementary: Positivistic theory identifies various contract alternatives, and the principal-agent theory indicates which contract is the most efficient under varying levels of outcome uncertainty, risk aversion, information, and other variables†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Problems of agency theory The major popularity of the application of the agency theory to the relationship between shareholders and the board if directors produced a vast amount of research devoted to this issue. In fact, this phenomenon relates to those cases in which ownership and management are represented by different individuals. Being each individual maximising its utility leads to the existence conflicting positions between the agent and the principal. This became the main focus of research, and justifies the need of such an agency theory. This problematic is in the basis of the role of agent theory in the accountancy practices. According to Bricker and Chandar (1998: 488-489): â€Å"Contracts between shareholders and managers are written in order to reduce agency cost, and thereby, the dead weight loss in firm value as a result of the separation of ownership from control. Accounting is considered to play an important role as an integral part of the contracts that define a firm. For example, lending arrangements between a firm and its creditors often contain several accounting based covenants. Accounting-based bonus plans are frequently a component of executive compensation plans. Accounting measures are commonly used in the performance evaluation of a firms cost and profit centers. Watts and Zimmerman argue [1986, p. 196]: if accounting is an important part of the firms contracting process and agency costs (and hence, firm value and/or managers compensation) vary with different contracts, accounting procedures have the potential to affect firm value and/or the managers compensation. This rationale has given rise to several hypotheses regarding the role of accounting information in market valuation of firms and managers use of accounting discretion.† The table presented below summarises some of the key issues associated with agency theory and relates them to several assumptions of different nature: Key idea Principal agent relationship should reflect efficient organisation of information and risk-bearing costs Unit of analysis Contract between principal and agent Human assumptions Self interest Bounded rationality Risk aversion Organisational assumptions Partial goal conflict among participants Efficiency as the effectiveness criterion Information asymmetry between principal and agent Information assumptions Information as purchasable commodity Contracting problems Agency (moral hazard and adverse selection) Risk sharing Problem domain Relationships in which the principal and agent have partially differing goals and risk preferences (e.g. compensation, regulation. Leadership, impression management, whistle-blowing, vertical integration, transfer pricing) Table 1: Agency theory overview Source: Eisenhardt (1989a) Development of agency theory Agency cost is a major problem with organisation and with constant fraud cases that are growing around the world their needed to be major development of the theory in accounting practices. A way of developing the theory is to minimise agency costs that can be accomplished through communications, sharing risks and benefits and seeking to balance the scorecards. The theory has developed by establishing performance standards, using cost effective processes, cost management tools and incentives have all helped the problem of managing agency problems. Accountancy provides information to base future decisions on historical performances. Providing accurate information about costs it is possible to predict the result of future production. This perspective is particularly important in the case of, for example, government contracts, in which an agent- principal relationship is also established. For example, Reichelstein (1992) draws upon the agency models to explain government contracts, showing how agency theory can be used to design incentive contracts, and demonstrating that the agency models have actually influenced managerial economics. A different perspective is that accounting provides an opportunity of control from the agent over the principal. In this respect, the insights about the relationship between the shareholders and management were particularly important in demonstrating the role of accountancy as key information provider. To that extent, it was suggested that accountancy reporting is a result of the separation of ownership from management phenomena. Hence, it can be argued that the reporting practice is a result of the agent problem and serves the control needed to verify the agents performance. Another perspective was the budget development based on historical accounts. Contracts usually include a price for production which has not taken place yet. The pricing of these contracts has to be based on historical costs that can only be provided by accountancy. To that extent, accountancy practice is not a result of the agent-principal problem but is originated to avoid uncertainty in principal-agent relationships. case realted study to agency theory Taking a prime example of Enron and its relationship with accounting practices clearly show the affects of agency theory within an accounting practice can affect organisations. The collapse of Enron was entirely related to the accounting practices adopted by the company. It has a number of these questionable, and in some cases straight out fraudulent, accounting practices that pertained to the most dramatic collapse of a major company in years. An analysis of some of these accounting practices brings to light the problems with the use of concepts such as mark-to-market accounting and the use of special purpose entitys (SPEs), the interrelation of agency theory suggests that the basic ideals surrounding agency theory applied to the Enron Case at some point in time, however the continuation of this principal deteriorated as time went on. The agency theory was clearly an issue in Enrons case because the managers of the firm were transferring wealth from the shareholders to themselves in the form of stock performance. Not only were there the Shareholders to Management agency problem there was also an employer to employee agency problem. With regard to the shareholder to management problem, the shareholders had placed a large amount of decision-making capability onto the management team and had not successfully monitored the agents behaviour. Given that the managers had all come to Enron with a strong reputation, it was expected that they â€Å"would act in the interest of the shareholders. [As such the shareholders] had monitored the managers performance very little† (Godfrey et al, 2008). As a shareholder, it would have been in the best interests to implement monitoring costs to â€Å"measure, observe and control† Schillings behaviour. Unfortunately this would not have been enough. The introduction of Fa stow, described as â€Å"a genius† in a number of sources, allowed for the performance of Enron to appear strong even in dire times. The use of SPEs and mark-to-market accounting allowed for the â€Å"reduction of monitoring costs by incurring bonding costs [in the form of quarterly statements]† that allowed Enron to perform better than it appeared. Another point that links is that the agency theory is the â€Å"the principal will remunerate the agent according to the principals expectations of how much the agents behaviour is likely to be contrary to the principals interests† (Godfrey et al, 2008). Given that managers of Enron were all major shareholders of the company the focus was on driving the share price up which was done by a process called â€Å"pump and dump; this process involved buying up the share price and then selling out† (Enron: The Smartest Guys in The Room) this allowed the directors to maintain high remuneration because they were achieving high share prices for the principals and also allowed them to gain from share price rises before selling out at the top. Finally, the principal-agent relationship that occurs between Skilling and Fastow (CEO of Enron) is that of an employee to employer. This relationship is important because it â€Å"emphasises the importance of the ability to monitor employees work efforts† (Akdere, Azvedo, 2004). Skilling and Ken Lay claim that they were unaware of what Fastow was doing with regards to the financial statements, however, Skilling and Lay were acting as the agents for the shareholders as well as acting as the principals for Fastow. Their involvement in such transactions as the one with LJM were â€Å"not only disclosed to the board at a meeting which took place in 1999, but the board approved of [Fastows] participation, following a recommendation to this effect from the then CEO and Chairman, Ken Lay† (Deakin, Konzelmann, 2004). From this we can clearly see that Lay, Skilling and Fastow were all part of the agency problem that occurred. conclusion This report has shown that several areas of accounting have been affected by the agency theory model. This theory has defiantly had implications in the financial accounting, management accounting and in corporate finance. Nevertheless, the strongest argument that relates to agency theory with accountancy mainly relies in the nature of both, the accounting and agency theory rely on the existence of contracts, these contracts rely at the core of the relationship between agents and the principal. Furthermore agency theorys core role is the risk associated with the relationship whereas accountancy reduces risk by providing information about the agents in action. Additionally reporting previous behaviours of the agent showing that the historical agent has kept the conditions of contract, may provide indications for the principal about the future behaviour of agents; increasing trust levels in the relationship and reducing the risk associated with relations. In conclusion, the current features (and practices) of accountancy meet the agency model problems proving the information to avoid opportunistic behaviours and ensuring that relational contracts are met. Referances Journals Davis, J.H., Schoorman, F.D., Donaldson, L. (1997), Toward a stewardship theory of management, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 22 No.1, pp.20-47. Berle, A. and G. Means, 1932, The Modern Corporation and private property (New York, Maacmillan) Jones, D. R. Butler, J.E, 1992, Managing internal corporation entrepreneurship: an agency theory perspective (Journal of Management) Bricker, R. and Chandar, N. (1998). On Applying Agency Theory in Historical Accounting Research. Business and Economic History 27(2): 486-99 Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989a). Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review, Academy of Management Review, 14 (1): 57-74. Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989b). Agency- and Institutional Theory Explanations: The Case of Retail Sales Compensation. Academy of Management Journal, 31 (3): 488-511. Kaplan, R.S. (1984). The Evolution of Management Accounting. The Accounting Review, LIX(3): 390-402. Reichelstein, S. (1992). Constructing Incentive Schemes for Government Contracts: An Application of Agency Theory. The Accounting Review, 67 (4): 712-731. References for Enron case study: Serwer, Andy. 2002, ‘Dirty Rotten Numbers: Enron has made us shine a light on the books of Americas public companies. Now, if your company carries even a hint of bad accounting, the stock will be savaged, Fortune. Vol 145, i4, p74+. Shleifer, Andrei. 2000, ‘Are Financial Markets Efficient Oxford Scholarship Online Economics and Finance. Pp 1- 5. Akdere, Mesut and Azevedo, Ross. 2004, ‘Organisational Development, Agency Theory, and efficient Contracts: A Research Agenda. Pp2-8. Deakin, Simon and Konzelmann, Suzanne. 2004, ‘Learning From Enron Corporate Governance. Vol 12, pp134-142. Haldeman, Robert G. 2006, ‘Fact, Fiction, and Fair Value Accounting at Enron The CPA Journal. Pp1-10. Thompson, Robert B. 2004, ‘Corporate Governance after Enron. HeinOnline. Pp99-117. Godfrey, Jayne. Hodgson, Allan. Holmes, Scott. Tarca, Ann. 2006. ‘Accounting Theory: Sixth edition. Wiley, Australia. ‘Enron: The Smartest Guys in The room 2005, DVD, Dendy Films. USA. ‘Encarta: Online. Copyright MSN Encarta, 2008, Accessed 15/05/08 from http://encarta.msn.com/media_701610605/the_fall_of_enron_stock.html

Genderless Society, an Illusion or Reality Essay -- essays research pa

According to dictionary.com, gender is defined as â€Å"the condition of being female or male.† Gender and Sexuality conjure up images of the male and female and the roles that each sex is supposed to fulfill. Of the two forces (Biology and Environment) influencing human development, especially gender, environment is more influential. Environment is basically the surrounding conditions or forces capable of influencing a person or any entity, for example, family, culture, peers, society, etc. In view of this, let us now think about these thought provoking questions. Do you believe there will ever come a day when boys will play with dolls and girls will play with trucks and no one will notice? Suppose parents could successfully forget about the gender of their child. What would be the advantages and the disadvantages of this? These are the questions that would be examined and answered in this article. Reasonably, I opine that a day might come when boys will play with dolls and girls play with trucks, but people will take note of this, depending on their sense of perception and cultural backgrounds, and since neither this situation had ever occurred nor has it ever been that way from time being. Also, since the environment people live in could either positively or negatively contribute to their physical, spiritual, and social well being, so, gender should be seen more of a social structure that forms the basis for individuals’ norms which are anchored into the major societal organizations of our world today (Lorber 5). This might make one to ask again - Is a Genderless Society Attainable? What are the advantages and disadvantages? Apparently, parents, as a factor, have the power and the responsibilities to shape the gender identity of their wards from childhood. The socialization theory, in terms of gender, suggests that â€Å"children are taught to behave in a certain way according to their sex. Boys are taught to be masculine and girls to be feminine. For example, parents will often buy trucks or army toys for boys while girls will have dolls and playhouse sort-of toys† (Cohen and Ian, 78). So why would a genderless society be unattainable since the primary factor of childhood gender-shaping is the parents? In fact, from the socialization theory, it could be deduced that genderless society might be achieved if parents would act in other way round- allow boys to play w... ...A day might come when boys might play with dolls and girls might play with trucks, but people would surely notice this. Since our mode of life- morals, physical, social, gender, etc are being modeled, nurtured, and influenced by many factors of our immediate environment such as our family, culture, peers, society, education, community. If on the other hand, the environment nurtures or influences us the way the â€Å"fabulous baby X† was nurtured, there might be a success of a genderless society, but this will sound too strongly unattainable and an illusion of reality! WORK CITED PAGE Cohen, Jack and Ian, Stewart. â€Å"Our Genes Aren’t Us.† Discover Apr. 94, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p78, 7p, 6c Gould, Lois. â€Å"X: A Fabulous Child’s Story.† Mirror on America: Short Essays and Images from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Popular Culture. 2nd Ed. Mims, J.T and Nollen, E.M. NY: Bedford/ST. Martin’s, 2003:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  63-76. Lexico Publishing Group. â€Å"Gender.† Dictionary.com. (2003) 23 Jan. 2005.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . Lober, Judith. Paradoxes of Gender: sex role, gender identity, social theory, and feminist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  institutions. Yale UP: New Haven, 1994.

A Comparison of Nursing Education Essay

A career in nursing has many possibilities and depending on where one is employed there may be different educational requirements. There are many nurses in the workforce with only their associate’s degree in nursing, but as time passes it seems that the baccalaureate degree is becoming more of an expectation. This brings up the question- is there a difference in the competency of the associate-level nurse from the baccalaureate-level nurse? Studies are showing that there is a difference and patient outcomes are affected by this difference. Differences between the Associate Degree in Nursing and the Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing In order to compare the competencies between nurses prepared at the associate-degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level, one must first compare the requirements to obtain these degrees. The Associate’s Degree in Nursing, abbreviated ADN, is a two-year degree usually earned through a community college. It requires 60 credit hours to complete and upon completion the graduate can apply for licensure through the state in which they will practice. The Bachelors of Science in Nursing, also called BSN, is a four-year degree obtained at a university. It includes the same areas of study and has the same license upon completion of the NCLEX as the ADN nurse, but delves further into nursing theory as well as pathophysiology and technical skills. Many employers require the bachelor’s degree for higher positions in nursing such as clinical managers and nurse specialists. Differences in competencies between nurses prepared at the associate-degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level As explained above the bachelor’s degree in nursing requires two more years of education and a much deeper study of nursing theory and pathophysiology than the associate’s degree. The question is does this extra education and focus on nursing theory make a BSN nurse more competent than an ADN nurse. Research suggests there is a significant effect of nurse experience and a significant effect of the percentage of BSN nurses in each hospital (Kendall-Gallagher, Aiken, Sloane &Cimiotti, 2011) in regards to better patient outcomes. To understand the difference one must look at the basic nursing process and how knowledge of nursing theory and pathophysiology affects it. The basic process taught in nursing school in providing patient care is assessment, plan, intervention and evaluation. Assessment is one the first things a nursing student learns. The associate-level and bachelor-level nurse will both have learned this skill in the very first days of nursing school. Both nurses will also be competent with the last step, evaluation of the interventions. The advantage a BSN nurse will have lies in the middle two steps- plan and intervention. The plan and interventions a nurse provides is affected by their decision-making skills and this is based on their education. Plan and Intervention To determine a patient’s plan of care, one looks at the abnormal assessments and then uses their knowledge of pathophysiology to determine the plan of care. While the BSN nurse will not necessarily have more clinical hours in assessing the patient, they will have taken more classes in pathophysiology than the ADN nurse and therefore may notice a disease process more readily than the ADN nurse. This is where the interventions will occur. Interventions are determined by the nurse based on their decision-making skills. Decision-Making Skills Nursing is a field in which one is given a great amount of autonomy. Therefore much of a patient’s care is affected by a nurse’s decision-making skills. One’s ability to make decisions is affected by many things including past experiences, environment and education. The focus here is education and how the additional study for the BSN affects nurses’ decision-making skills. The BSN nurse will have studied pathophysiology and nursing theory in greater depth than the ADN nurse. This extra knowledge is then applied to the decisions a nurse makes for their patient. These decisions have a great impact on patient outcomes and recent studies have indicated that there is decreased morbidity, mortality, and failure-to-rescue rates in hospitals that employ larger percentages of baccalaureate prepared nurses (Altman, 2011). Effect of baccalaureate-degree level nurses on patient outcomes In the acute situation the BSN nurse can use their knowledge of pathophysiology in addition to their decision-making skills to decrease morbidity and mortality. Taking into account the greater picture, a more holistic approach based on the BSN nurse’s familiarity with nursing theory, will improve patient outcomes. For example let’s look at a hospital admission for a congestive heart failure exacerbation. Both the ADN and BSN nurse will assess the patient and notice classic signs like shortness of breath and edema. Both nurses will plan on diuresis and paying close attention to respiratory status. The difference will come with the holistic approach that a BSN nurse is more likely to take. The emphasis on the nursing theories that a BSN nurse has studied will allow them to look at the patient as a whole, rather than dealing with only stabilization of symptoms. The knowledge of nursing theory the BSN nurse has will allow them to delve further into why this patient admitted and what they can do to prevent a readmission. The BSN nurse asks questions as to what caused the exacerbation. It may be that the patient needs more teaching on diet and medication compliance. They will ask the patient about their home situation. It’s possible the patient is having financial burdens that have kept them from filling their prescriptions. The BSN nurse is more likely to look at the home situation. The patient may have depression with the diagnosis and need some resources for social support. In regards to King’s theory, nursing’s central goal is to help individuals maintain their health so that they can function in their roles (Creasia, 180). By helping the patient function in their role, the nurse empowers the patient to lead a healthier life. The patient is sent home educated with the resources needed to lead a healthy life and therefore reduces unnecessary hospital admissions. This in turn allows the space available for hospital admissions that are necessary and leads to a healthier community . REFERENCES Altmann, Tanya K. (2011). Registered nurses returning to school for a bachelors degree in nursing: Issues emerging from a meta-analysis of the research. Contemporary Nurse: A Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession, 39, (2): 256-72. Creasia, J; Friberg, E. (2011). Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice. (5th Edition). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Kendall-Gallagher, Deborah; Aiken, Linda H.; Sloane, Douglas M.; Cimiotti, Jeannie P. (2011). Nurse Specialty Certification, Inpatient Mortality, and Failure to Rescue. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43, 188-94.

Oedipus the Everything but King

No Name World Literature 1 Character Analysis â€Å"Oedipus the King†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Hunter, Plowman, and Sailor-Helmsman Throughout the play â€Å"Oedipus Rex†, the main character Oedipus has a number of different character traits throughout the play. His out-look on the stories situation evolves as he begins to learn the truth about who he really is. Oedipus takes on the characteristics of a hunter as well as becoming the hunted; he is a sower yet also the seed, and a sailor-helmsman of the city. Each of these images has their own significance.Oedipus first starts out as the hunter once he marries the queen of Thebes. Once betrothed, Oedipus is told that, Laius, the late king of Thebes was murdered by a robber. Oedipus says that he will exile or execute Laius’ killer once he is found. The irony to his statement is that he will have to catch and exile himself because in actuality he is the man who killed Laius. Oedipus then goes from being the hunter to the hunted, not knowing the man he is looking for is actually him himself.He proceeds to tell his men to â€Å"Hunt him down with all your strength† but in essence he’s telling his men to hunt him which makes him the hunted. Oedipus asks Tiresias to speak on behalf of what he knows and when he does not this upsets him. Oedipus begins to mock Tiresias about the fact that he cannot â€Å"see† and in return Tiresias says the same thing to Oedipus. Tiresias is blind but he is the one who sees Oedipus’ future clearly and Oedipus is not and can’t see what his future holds at all.In mocking Tiresias, Oedipus reaps the consequences of his actions because he later takes his own sight. Oedipus is also considered a sower because he married and had children; however he is his mother’s seed and ironically he married and reproduced with his mother. By definition plowman prepare the fields with seeds and expect plants to be produced. Oedipus and widowed Queen Jocasta marr y, are intimate and reproduce children.The imagery is the same for Jocasta and her first husband King Laius as that for her second husband, Oedipus: like father, like son as it turns out. The Sailor-helmsman is in essence is the person who guides a ship. Oedipus being king of Thebes is supposed to steer the people out of harm’s way. Oedipus thought that he was doing the right thing by leaving the place he thought was home when he was told he would kill his father and marry his mother; only the thing was the parents he knew of in Corinth were not his actual parents.After Oedipus leaves Corinth, because of all that he has done he has brought a plague amongst his city, the city of Thebes. â€Å"The citizens are passengers of the ship watching as their captain and his vessel fall to pieces†. All of these images were ironically tied into showing the positives and negatives that contributed to Oedipus’ demise. However, this was not all Oedipus’ fault because so mewhere down the family line Oedipus’ family was cursed and he had nothing to do with it, he was just the one who would complete the curse which leads to his undoing.

The National Museum of Colombia

The National Museum of Colombia The National Museum of Colombia: Colombias National Museum (Museo Nacional) is located in the heart of Bogota. Its a sprawling, three-story structure dedicated to Columbias art and history. Although there are some very interesting exhibits, all in all its a little dry. Visiting the National Museum: Colombia’s National Museum is about 10 blocks away from Plaza Bolivar (the heart of old Bogota) on Carrera 7 between calle 28 and calle 29. It’s possible to walk from one to the other, or there are buses on a regular basis. The museum is a massive yellowish brick building that was once a prison: night watchmen swear it’s haunted. It’s open daily except Mondays. Hours are 10-6, 10-5 on Sundays. Adult admission is less than $2 US and is free on Sundays. Whats in the Museum?: Colombia’s National Museum is dedicated to history and art and covers everything from the earliest inhabitants of Colombia to the present. On the lowest floor are rooms filled with ancient pottery and golden ornaments and figurines from long-gone cultures. The museum has sections on the conquest, the colonial era, independence and the republican era. The top floor is dedicated to the modern era, but it’s mostly art and very little history. There is a small gift shop and coffee shop on the first floor. Highlights of the National Museum: The museum is divided into different sections, some of which are more interesting than others. On the first floor is a vault-like room with golden ornaments and figurines from Colombias ancient cultures: its interesting if you havent already gone to the much more impressive gold museum a few blocks away. The archaeology sections are kind of cool, and the independence section is worth a stop, particularly to see the many faces of Simà ³n Bolà ­var exhibit. The colonial era part is best if youre a fan of art from that time. On the top floor are some paintings by Botero and other well-known modern Colombian artists. Lowlights of the National Museum: Parts of the museum are a little stale. The republican era (1830-1900 or so) section is an endless series of stony-faced portraits of former presidents. Surprisingly, some of the most interesting parts of Colombias history, such as the 1000 Days War or the 1928 Banana Massacre, are barely mentioned (and dont rate their own exhibit). There is a room on the 1948 Bogotazo riot, but somehow they have made a day of mayhem and destruction seem boring. There is nothing on the tragic period known as La Violencia, nothing on Pablo Escobar and nothing about the FARC and other modern troubles. Who would like Colombias National Museum?: The museum is best for history or art buffs. Colombias National Museum is a traditional one, in that very few of the displays or exhibits are in any way interactive. Kids may be bored stiff. History fans can skip the third floor entirely, and art fans can go directly from the pottery of the ancient era to see the angels and saints in the colonial section before heading to the top floor to see the Boteros. There are better museums in Bogota: Art lovers should first go to the Botero Museum, and history buffs should check out the July 20 Independence Museum. Non-Spanish speakers will struggle, as few of the exhibits have English translation (and nothing in German, French, etc). Supposedly, English-speaking guides are available on Wednesdays.